ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯂꯣꯡ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫

Apr 13, 2026

ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯎ

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 10ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ UHFꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯷꯰% ꯊꯝꯃꯤ-ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯳꯰%ꯗꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ: ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯇꯨꯂꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯱꯲꯵ ꯀꯦ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯔꯤꯄꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯒꯦꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

 

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯳꯰%ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯣ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯀꯅꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯎꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯕꯖꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ-ꯍꯦꯚꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯤ 60ꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ 1 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ LF ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

Industrial manufacturing environment demonstrating LF long range RFID tags deployed in metal-heavy stamping lines and fluid-exposed livestock gates where UHF signals fail

 

ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ-ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ꯫

 

ꯂꯣ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ RFIDꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯀꯞꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 10 ꯔꯣꯝ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯅꯤ, ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫

 

ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ: ꯔꯤꯗꯔ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ, ꯇꯦꯒ ꯀꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯆꯍꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯈꯤ꯫ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ.꯴꯲꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯞ꯫ꯀꯣꯏꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯟꯆ ꯁꯦꯇꯑꯄꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯃꯤ ꯴꯵ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯀꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯲꯴ ꯌꯧꯈꯤ; ꯃꯤꯃꯤ ꯹꯷ꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯴꯱ꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯈꯠꯈꯤ; ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯃꯤ ꯲꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯐꯔꯝ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯱꯸ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯀꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯔ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ-ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯇꯔꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

 

ꯒꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯱꯲꯵ ꯀꯦ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯒ ꯖꯤ.ꯄꯤ.꯹꯰ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ-ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣꯀ꯭ꯂꯃꯁꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫꯱꯸-꯱꯹ꯚꯤ ꯄꯥꯋꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯐꯣꯂꯣꯋꯤꯡ ꯱꯳꯴.꯲ ꯀꯦ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯖꯤ.ꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.ꯒꯤ ꯱꯱꯷꯸꯴/꯱꯱꯷꯸꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯲ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯇꯑꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤ꯫ꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫

 

ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯅꯤ-ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯧꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯒ ꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯁꯤꯟꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯅꯤ꯫

 

LF RFID inductive coupling, reader antenna diameter, tag coil area, and Q factor resonance for 125 kHz and 134.2 kHz frequencies

 

ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯊ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ-ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫

 

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯤ 50 ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯅꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

 

ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯔꯤꯗꯔ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯂꯣꯡ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯇꯦꯒ ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯍꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫

ꯃꯤꯃꯤ 300–500ꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯞ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯨꯌꯥꯗꯥꯂꯥꯖꯥꯔꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ-ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ-ꯄꯦꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯝꯕꯦꯗꯦꯗ ꯂꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡ, ꯖꯤ.ꯄꯤ.꯹꯰-ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯜ ꯔꯤꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯋꯥꯏꯟꯗꯁꯤꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯃꯁꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ: ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯤ 95, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯤ 110꯫ ꯀꯦꯆ: ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯥ ꯐꯨꯠꯞꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ-ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯛꯂꯣꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ 100ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ Q ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯦꯒ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯰.꯳꯵–꯰.꯸꯰ꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯖꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ; ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯗꯔ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯃꯦꯟꯇꯅꯤ꯫

 

ꯁꯦꯃꯤ-ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯄꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯦꯝꯕꯦꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯕꯦꯀꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯗꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯔ-ꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯏꯛꯌꯨꯏꯕꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯳꯵–꯴꯵%ꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ-ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯦꯒ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯛꯂꯣꯖꯔ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯱.꯵꯰–꯳.꯵꯰ꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 5–7 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ (ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯄꯨꯡ 8/ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ), ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ{11}}ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫

꯲꯰꯲꯱ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯴꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯂꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯒ ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯝꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ 300ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 80ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯂꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯱ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯳꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯁꯦꯃꯤ-ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ -ꯇꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯗꯔ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯕꯔ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

 

ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯕꯤꯀꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ 10ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ "LF RFID" ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ-ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ LF ꯋꯦꯛ-ꯑꯞ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯕꯣꯗꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯚꯦꯍꯤꯀꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ, ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯍꯦꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯠꯂꯤ꯫

 

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯕꯜꯀ ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ LF ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ-ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯚꯥꯂꯨꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯄꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ...

 

 

Comparison of oversized reader antennas and semi-passive LF tags used for industrial vehicle identification and distribution center tracking with extended read distances

 

LFꯅꯥ UHF- ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ꯫

 

ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯆꯨꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, LF ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ-ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯅꯥ UHFꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯆ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ: 860–960 MHzꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ UHF ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ-ꯔꯤꯆ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ; ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫

 

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯊ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯌꯔ-꯱ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡ ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯚꯦꯟ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯅꯛꯌꯨꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯤꯁꯔꯤꯗ ꯔꯦꯠ: ꯰.꯰꯸% ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯴%ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯆꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫

Automotive manufacturing curing oven with steel conveyors and moisture, illustrating where LF extended-range RFID tags outperform UHF by preventing signal reflections

 

ꯅꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ:-ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ-ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯠ UHF ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯦ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯒ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯖꯦꯔꯦꯐꯤ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯣ.ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯗꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯅꯁꯥꯏꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯳–꯵ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯦꯂꯦꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯒ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤ-ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯣꯉꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯔ-ꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ꯫

 

ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ: LF ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ-ꯔꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ-ꯃꯤꯇꯔ 0.5ꯗꯒꯤ 2 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯌꯦꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ RF ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯦꯒ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯐꯦꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯕꯒ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫

 

LF ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ RFID ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯥꯌꯔ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ-ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯥꯌꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯦꯏꯂꯔ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫

ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯟꯇꯝ ꯔꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦꯔꯦ ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯠꯈꯤ꯫ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯍꯨꯝꯅꯤ ꯒꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯕꯂꯁꯨꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯝ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯄꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯖꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯆꯪꯈꯤ: ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯶꯰% (ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯤ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯱꯸)ꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯖꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔꯏꯟꯇꯨꯏꯇꯤꯕ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫

ꯂꯦꯕ-ꯚꯦꯂꯤꯗꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯗꯦ꯫ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯕꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯳꯰ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯔꯦꯟꯖꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯦꯝ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯖꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯔꯚꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ-ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯛ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ꯋꯥ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁꯗꯦꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫ꯃꯤꯗꯂꯋꯦꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ-ꯗꯨꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯗꯣꯋꯦꯜ-ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯍꯣꯜꯗ, ꯖꯣꯟ-ꯕꯦꯖ ꯗꯤꯗꯨꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ-ꯑꯦꯛꯌꯨꯔꯦꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ 75%ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯍꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ LF-ꯗꯒꯤ-WMS ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯥ, ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯌꯨꯔꯦꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯶꯸%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯷꯹% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ; ꯁꯣꯐꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ LF ꯂꯣꯡ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯔꯤꯗꯔ ꯇꯤꯎꯅꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯒ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯌꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤ ꯏꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

 

Debugging LF long-distance RFID systems using spectrum analyzers for site surveys, RF absorber panels to prevent phantom reads, and middleware filtering for WMS integration

 

ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯄꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯥꯌꯔ ꯈꯅꯕꯥ꯫

 

125 kHz ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ-ꯔꯤꯗ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯜꯀ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯟꯆꯇꯣꯞ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯤ 80ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯒ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯍꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯤ 40 ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

 

ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ-ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯂꯤꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯣ.ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ-ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯌꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯗ-ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯀꯔꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯝꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯣꯟ-ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯇꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯥꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯒ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ꯫ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯁꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯠ ꯱꯵ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤ.ꯏ. ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯄꯤ.꯶꯷/꯶꯸ ꯑꯦꯅꯛꯂꯣꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯄꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯔꯤꯞꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯱꯲꯵ ꯀꯦ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯳꯴.꯲ ꯀꯦ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯇꯤꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ-ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ, ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ, ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ, ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯁꯤꯡ- ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 48ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ-ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯊ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯁꯂꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ →

 

 
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯎ: ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ISO-ꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯤ 60–100 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯧꯏ; ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯃꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 130ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ-ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯒ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯴꯰–꯵꯰% ꯀꯀꯊꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯎ: ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ UHFꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ LF ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯐꯦꯔꯣꯁ ꯃꯦꯇꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯔꯣꯖ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯣꯟ-ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯕꯤꯜꯇ-ꯏꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯕꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯌꯨ.

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯁꯦꯃꯤ-ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯕ LF ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯎ: ꯁꯦꯃꯤ-ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯳꯵–꯴꯵% ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯦꯒ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯳–꯵× ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯏꯚꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯗ-ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯕꯔ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ-ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯔꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯏꯅꯛꯕꯥꯔꯤ ꯊꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ