ꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
Aug 01, 2025
ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯎ
NFC ꯑꯁꯤ RFID (ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ) ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯔꯠ-ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯋꯥꯏꯔꯂꯦꯁ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ 13.56 MHzꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯈꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯁꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯇꯆ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯪꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯏꯔꯂꯦꯁ ꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯐꯣꯟ, ꯇꯦꯕꯜ, ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯃꯔ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.
1ꯃꯣꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯄꯦꯃꯦꯟꯇ: 1.1.
ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ, ꯁꯕꯋꯦꯖ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯣꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇꯂꯦꯁ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯄꯦꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫
꯲ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯱.
ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯁꯤꯡ, ꯚꯤꯗꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ NFC-ꯏꯅꯦꯕꯜ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯐꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯥ NFC ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖ, ꯚꯤꯗꯤꯑꯣ, ꯋꯦꯕ ꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯆ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨꯇꯨꯊꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫
꯳ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯱.
ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ NFC ꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯣꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
NFC ꯇꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯄꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯛ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯥꯔꯠ ꯍꯣꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯊꯤꯡꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ: ꯱.
ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ:ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ; ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ꯫
ꯉꯥꯛ ꯁꯦꯟꯕ:ꯁꯣꯔꯠ-ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯁꯦꯄꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯃꯁꯟ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ: ꯱.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯝꯄꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯣꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ...ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯗ꯫?
NFC ꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ NFC-ꯏꯅꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ NFC ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯔ ꯑꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ NFC ꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ URL, ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.
ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕ:ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯣꯅꯗꯥ NFC ꯏꯅꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ NFC ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯔ ꯑꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, NFC ꯇꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡ) ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯂꯣꯗ ꯇꯧ꯫
ꯑꯦꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ:ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯔ ꯑꯦꯞ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ꯫
ꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ:ꯑꯦꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ "ꯔꯥꯏꯠ" ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ "ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯥꯔꯗ" ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯥ:ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ URL, ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯨ꯫
ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯣ:ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯇꯧ꯫
ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ:ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯣꯅꯒꯤ NFC ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ NFC ꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ "Write" ꯕꯇꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯇꯧ꯫
ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ: ꯱.ꯑꯦꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯌꯨ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯞꯇ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯁꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯗꯤ.
NFC ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ RFID ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ RFID ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ NFC ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯔꯠ-ꯔꯦꯟꯖ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯤꯇꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ NFCꯅꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ RFID ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ, ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, NFC ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯔꯠ-ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯋꯥꯏꯔꯂꯦꯁ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯏꯅꯦꯕꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯏꯅꯛꯕꯥꯔꯤ ꯊꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ

